What is the energy certificate (certificado energético)?
The certificado de eficiencia energética is a mandatory energy-rating document (A to G) the seller must provide to market and sell a home in Spain — its absence is a sign the sale isn't being handled properly.
It rates the property's energy performance and must be registered with the regional authority. A missing or expired certificate can hold up completion.
For an older home, a poor rating also hints at future heating and insulation costs worth factoring in.
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Sources: IDAE — certificado de eficiencia energética (RD 390/2021).