Guide · Due diligence

How to read a nota simple.

The nota simple is the single most important document in a Spanish purchase: a Land Registry extract that proves who owns the property and what is charged against it. It has three parts — here is what each one tells you, and the entries that should stop you signing.

The three sections

  • Descripción de la finca. The property described: type, address, built surface and its registry reference. Cross-check this against the cadastre and the listing.
  • Titularidad. Who legally owns it, in what share, and how they acquired it. The seller must appear here — if they don’t, stop.
  • Cargas. The charges: mortgages, seizures, easements and conditions. An empty cargas section is what you want to see.

The red flags

  • Hipoteca (mortgage). A loan secured on the property. It must be cancelled at or before completion — confirm how and when.
  • Embargo (seizure). A court or tax authority has frozen the property over a debt. A serious warning that needs resolving first.
  • Servidumbre (easement). A third-party right over the land — a right of way, for example — that stays with the property after you buy.
  • Condición resolutoria. A clause that lets a prior sale be undone if conditions aren’t met — understand it fully before proceeding.

Surface mismatches

If the surface on the nota simple, the cadastre and the listing disagree, treat it as a question to answer, not a detail to ignore. It can signal an unregistered extension, a discrepancy that complicates a mortgage, or simply an old record — but you want to know which before you pay.

Catastro vs Registro — why they differ →

Let VeoTrust read it for you.

Paste a listing and a Trust Check pulls the registry and cadastre and flags the charges and mismatches in plain English.

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Where do I get a nota simple?+

From the Land Registry (Registro de la Propiedad) — online via the registrars' portal for a few euros, or in person. Anyone can request one for any property; you don't need to be the owner.

What's the difference between a nota simple and the escritura?+

The escritura is the title deed signed before a notary; the nota simple is the registry's summary of the current legal situation — owner and charges. The nota simple is what you read during due diligence; it reflects what is actually registered.

What are 'cargas' on a nota simple?+

Cargas are charges against the property: mortgages (hipotecas), seizure orders (embargos), easements (servidumbres) and resolutory conditions. They can survive the sale, so any entry here needs explaining before you commit.

Related: what is a nota simple · checking community debt · the full buying guide